With this fact in mind we asked which metal ions are actually important for life. That metals are indispensable for life is an old wisdom. įrom the above it follows that in 2019 we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Periodic Table of the Elements ( PTE) and one may thus rightly ask, which of these elements are of relevance for life, though below we will restrict ourselves to the metallic elements. In 1882, both Meyer and Mendeleev received the Davy Medal of the Royal Society of London in recognition of their work on the Periodic Law. In 1869, a few months later than Mendeleev, Meyer published a revised and extended version of his table of 1864, which was similar to the one of Mendeleev. His table contained 28 elements but made no prediction for new elements. Īnother person to propose a periodic table was Lothar Meyer in 1864. Furthermore, in the same year Mendeleev published his table “Ueber die Beziehungen der Eigenschaften zu den Atomgewichten der Elemente” in Zeitschrift für Chemie, where he made predictions about elements yet to be discovered. Later in this month he made a formal presentation entitled “The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements” before the Russian Chemical Society. He extended this version further and submitted it – in Russian – for publication in early March 1869. ĭmitri Mendeleev, probably unaware of earlier work on a periodicity of the elements, arranged in the early 1860s a table that contained triads similar to those of Döbereiner. In 1864 this was followed by John Newlands’ law of Octaves. Several metals of the PTE, that is, their ions and complexes, are employed in medicine and we discuss the role of lithium, gallium, strontium, technetium, silver, gadolinium (the only f-block element), platinum, and gold.Īnd noted that the members in a group, which was arranged according to the increasing atomic weights, had related properties. All metals of the PTE and a plethora of their compounds are used in industry and many of them are highly toxic, like lead (Pb), which is discussed as a prime example. Two other metalloids, silicon and arsenic, are briefly mentioned, but they have not been proven as being essential for humans. From the p-block metals only the metalloid (half-metal) selenium (Se) is essential for all forms of life. Chromium is no longer classified as being essential. The trace elements of the d-block of the PTE as far as they are essential for humans (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo) are emphasized, but V, Ni, Cd, and W, which are essential only for some forms of life, are also considered. The bulk elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) from the s-block, which are essential for all kingdoms of life, and some of their bio-activities are discussed. The bio-relevant metals (and derived compounds) of the Periodic Table of the Elements ( PTE) are in the focus.
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